include better smarter and integrated control systems increased efciency of burners and increased heat recovery A chieving the deeper technical energy savings potential will require sometimes capitalin tensive investments e g replacements of major parts of e xisting production processes In some cases the payback of investments in some e xisting technologies are far from attaining companies typical fnancial criteria A t the same time high capitalintensive investments can be required for new lowCO 2 technologies including the replacement of e xisting processes Because most of the metals producers have long investment cycles it is therefore possible that investments in capitalintensive energy savings measures might be forsak en in favour of changing to radically new production processes such as the ones presented in the ne xt sections BO X 6 Glencore Nikk elwerk energy savings Glencore s Nikk elverk refnery in Norway has successfully implemented a portfolio of new energy management technologies which will save over 30 G Wh energy annually These include initiatives based on pressurised air steam ventilation reusing waste heat and process improvements Glencore has installed new tank s electrical contacts and ener gyefcient anodes to reduce its energy consumption W aste heat from their sulphuric acid plant is now being used to replace electrically generated steam The refnery is working to replace any remaining older anodes with efcient alternatives This will save a further 17 G Wh per year 157 BO X 7 Energy efciency innovation in copper production In primary copper smelting a further innovation is fash smelting with o xygen enrichment as a more efcient method This is considered a best available technology for energy efciency in primary copper production In this process a fne mix of copper ore sand and limestone is injected by compressed o xygenated air prompting immediate endothermic combustion at 1100C without using any other fuels The fash furnace may be also used to produce blister copper directly Use of a fash smelting furnace reduces the consumption of standard fuels due to the optimum utilisation of the heating value of the sulphidic concen trates and organic carbon present in copper concentrate 158 157 Glencore and Eurometaux 158 Fraunhofer ISI 2019 63 Energy efciency While most metal production processes have been optimised for years or even decades e g the HallHeroult process there still remains potential for further relatively small efciency improvements in metals production An assessment by ICF for DG ENER 155 showed an economic potential 2 to 5 years payback time of reduction in fnal energy consumption for nonferrous metals between 1212 7 compared to BA U energy consumption in 2050 ref 2013 156 This comprises a whole array of signifcant investments across the entire sector including recycling which could cumulatively produce suggested energy savings although some of these interventions are still at R D stage The theoretical technical potential is considered to be larger with savings up to 21 Figure 34 Main energy savings options representing a total of 70 of the tec hnical potential in the nonferrous metals industry Source IC F 2015 The fgure above shows the main energy savings options representing a total of 70 of the technical potential in the nonferrous metals industry as identifed by ICF Important options 155 ICF 2015 156 BA U with 2013 fnal energy consumption as reference point and overall reduction in energy consumption of 0 5 per year following the trend of the period 19902012 23 Combustion optimization furnace 13 L ow temperature waste heat recovery for power generation 29 Exhaust gas heat recovery furnace 35 Fluegas monitoring furnace 3 1 Increased uptak e of Energy Management S ystem EnMS 33 Preventive furnace maintenance 32 A dvanced Heating and Process Control furnace 44 Inert anode technology emerging 54 Increased recycling 7 1 Submetering and interval metering 84 Integrated control system 29 6 High Eciency Burner furnace T O T AL 745 2050 T echnical energy savings potential P Ja BA U ref 2013 MET ALS IN A CLIMA TE NEUTRAL EUROPE A 2050 BL UEPRINT 52