ACM COLOMBIAN MINING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 2018 2022 2 The main minerals the country exports are coal gold nickel emeralds and recently copper that has increased its share Coal is the second exportation product in the country after oil and gold is fourth nickel is exported as ferronickel in the tenth place and emeralds are twenty sixt h In average since 2009 US12474 billion a year have been exported in minerals including the external sales of the basic industry of iron steel precious meta ls and nonferrous metals In the last 8 years the maximum value reached was in 2012 when benetted by the increase of international prices US17309 Billion were exported 29 of the national total In average mining exports have represented 28 of the total external sales of the country during the last 8 years Exports of coal represent 51 of the external sales of minerals gold 16 ferronickel 5 and emeralds 1 Other industrial basic goods associated to mining have a share of 26 Fedesarrollo Martinez A and Aguilar T 2013 Study on socioeconomic impacts of the mining sector in Colombia sectorial chains Mining is of key importance in the development of our country It has traditionally represented close to 2 of the national Gross Domestic Product GDP 7 of the nonurban GDP of the country and 28 of the GDP of the mining munici palities According to ACMs calculation a tax contribution has been estimated in the amount of COP 4 trillion between taxes and royalties Furthermore in several regions mining is the main source of economy for example in Guajira its share is 42 while in Cesar Choco and Cordoba the share is 33 22 and 5 respectively In addition this industry historically represents 28 of exports and 22 of the direct foreign invest ment in the country According to a study of the ANM Natio nal Mining Agency derived from the scalization process of 2014 formal mining generates close to 350000 direct jobs and around 900000 indirect jobs for a total of more than one million employments in its chain Fedesarrollo made a study about mining chains concluded that for every peso generated by mining 244 pesos are created in other sectors where the most representative are transportation industry services and construction The last scalization process of ANM evidenced that out of the 10061 mining titles in Colombia 75 are in the hands of Colom bian corporations and individuals 10 of the titles are owned by multinational companies 6 are in the name of indigenous jurisdictions 1 owned by mining associations 04 are in the hands of cooperatives and 9 correspond to temporary autho rizations as dened in Article 116 of Act 685 of 2001 The type of mineral with the largest production 53 is construction materials followed by precious metals that represent 39 It is worth mentioning that mining titles in exploration stage in other words those for the production of minerals cover 1 of the national territory When dealing with environmental matters it should be highli ghted that this industry is highly regulated because it requires the preparation and presentation of specic documents such as the DAA Environmental Diagnosis of Alternatives the EIA Environmental Impact Study and the EMP environmental Management Plan in addition to the requirement of environ mental license for the production phase We can also mention that it is subject to obtaining a series of associated permits which procedure is done at the jurisdiction of the area of interest such as scientic research previous to the prepara tion of the EIA concession and catchment of underground and supercial water permits for spilling for forestry use permits for atmospheric emissions occupation of the riverbed end of bans among others mandatory in many cases in the explora tion stage It should be mentioned that many of the environ mental procedures incorporate citizens participation instan ces as per Act 99 of 1993 and subsequent regulations such as Decree 1076 of 2015 According to our calculations if Colombia is able to generate a true mining environment and taking the investment projected data of the 12 mining PINES projects included in the list of the National Government we estimate that a new investment would come to the country in an amount close to US67 Billion which would allow a relevant increase in the mining production of the country as follows 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Calculations of the increase in the Contry mining production Additional 26 million 130 Additional 16 million 17 Additional 14000 34 Additional 3 millones GOLD Troy OZ COAL Tons NICKEL Toneladas LIMESTONE Tons