Mini ng Charter and its appl ied inten t C OS T D EVEL OPMENT T O T AL PR ODUC TIVI TY PR ODUC TIVI TY G AP R educed c os t base bec ause Loc al cen tri c f ocu s of manuf actu ri ng and IP Loc al OE Ms f or ced t o incr ease its f ocu s on ser vi ce Inc r ease d pr ot ection o v er tim e ag ains t R a t e Of E x ch ange in fluences Fu ll tr aceab il ity of ups tr eam supp ly ch ain Lo w er in v en t or y c os t