Emplo yment Emplo yment le v els s tabilised during 20 19 as illus tr a t ed in the T otal emplo yment gains and los ses gr aph Some small emplo yment gains r egis t er ed during the early part of the y ear s tagna t ed t o w ar ds the end of the y ear It is hoped tha t this is not the pr elude t o further job los ses during 20 20 Fix ed capital tr ends Gr os s fx ed in v es tment in the mining sect or has sho wn some impr o v ement sinc e the middle of 20 18 aft er a long period of s tagna tion sinc e 200 7 and a major decline betw een 20 13 and the lo w er turning point in 20 18 T he net fx ed in v es tment aft er depr ecia tion or the c onsumption of capital tr end c orr ela t es with the gr os s in v es tment pa tt ern but a t a much lo w er le v el A c onc erning tr end fr om the disaggr ega t ed da ta is tha t spending on the c ons truction of mines k eeps on f alling C on v ersely spending on ne w machinery and tr ansport equipment incr eased s tr ongly during 20 19 which r esult ed in depr ecia tion f alling which e xplains wh y net in v es tment impr o v ed during 20 19 Total employment gains and losses by commodity Employment gainloss Employment total Industrial mineral s Other minerals Diamonds PGM s Gold Chrome Iron ore Manganese Coal Total 120 000 8 0 000 4 0 000 0 2019 2018 2017 201 6 201 5 201 4 201 3 201 2 201 1 201 0 200 9 20 000 40 000 60 000 45 0 000 460 000 4 70 000 480 0 00 490000 50 0 000 51 0 000 52000 0 53 0 00 0 GFCF of mining by type 2013 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1994 1997 2015 2017 2019 Rand million 2010100 Gross fixed capital formation GFCF Construction of mines Net fixed capital formatio n 1 0 000 0 1 00 00 2 0 000 3 00 00 4 0 000 5 0 000 6 0 000 70 000 Impla ts Impala Pla tinum Sour c e Miner als C ouncil South A frica Sour c e S ta tis tics South A frica Miner als C ouncil South A frica A y ear of impr o v ed r e v enues declining pr oduction and s table emplo yment P age 13 MINERALS C OUNCIL SOUTH AFRICA INTEGRA TED ANNU AL REVIEW 20 19