7 T he fast est gr o wing m ar ke t s fo r REEs are p erm an ent m ag n et s re cha rg eabl e b at te ries ph o sph o r s an d p o li shi n g agen t s with n e o d y m iu m pras eo d y m iu m d y spr o siu m y tt riu m an d t er b iu m h av in g t h e g reate st e xp o sur e t o t h es e segm ents App l ica t i on E sti m ate d Co m p o u n d A n n u al G r o wt h R ate 2010 2015 Pe r m a n e n t M a g n e ts The lar g es t end us er o f RE E s is the per m an ent m ag n e t in d u stry This s egm ent repr ese n ts ab o u t 2 5 o f t o tal de m an d an d is e xpect e d t o gr o w t o 3 0 by 2 0 1 5 They are in hig h de m an d du e to t h eir stre n g th h eat re si stance an d ab il ity t o m ain tain their m a g n et ism o v er v er y l o n g peri o d s o f t i m e M ag n et s m ad e fr o m rar e ear th el em ents such a s ne o d y m iu m p raseo d y m iu m and d y spr o siu m ar e the st r o n g est k n o wn p er m an ent m ag n et s Their h ig h er p erfo r m an ce and s m all er si z e enab les m an y m in iatu re app li catio n s such as p erso n al elec t ro n ic d ev i ce s sm a rt p h o n es ear bu d s i P o d m u sic p laye r s A m in iatu re m ag n e t m ad e wi th neo d y m iu m c au ses the c ell ph o n e to v ib rat e when a call is re cei v ed Cap acity utili z a tio n is o n e o f t h e b ig g est c h all eng es in the w in d energ y sec to r Re p laci n g gear dr ive n t u rb in e s w ith p o w erfu l di rect d rive per m an en t m ag n et g enerat o rs can increas e effi ciency b y 2 5 S o m e o f the larg es t turb in es r equ ire t w o t o n s o f rar e ear th m ag n et s which c o n tain ab o u t 3 0 REE 16 R e ch a r g e a b l e Ba tt e r i e s Rec h arg eabl e batte ries N i M H m ad e fro m lan than u m c eriu m ne o d y m iu m an d p raseo d y m iu m co m b i n ed w ith nic ke l co b alt m a n g an ese and o r alu m in u m are us ed in c ar b att eries in h y b rid e l ect ri c v ehi cle s e l ect r o n ic d ev ice s and po we r t o o ls 18 A u to Ca talysts L an than u m and C eriu m are used in t h e m an u fac ture o f cat aly tic c o n v ert ers which c o n v er t the po ll u tan ts in e n g in e ex h au st to no n to xic c o m p o u n d s 8 Fl u i d C r a cki n g Ca talysts Fl u id c rackin g c atal y sts w h ich co n tain l an than u m and ceriu m are u s ed in t h e refin in g o f crud e o il They a re ess ential t o the pr o ces s o f t ran sf o r m in g hea v y m o l ecules into m o re useful fo r m s such as g as o li n e j et fu el and diesel 6