S e c t i o n 1 3 - P a g e 1 1 May 2013 Steel 4-Flange Liner Plates DSI Under gr ound Systems Inc. selection of under - gr ound supports, the widest in the world, af for ds the contractor , the designer , and the owner a matchless combination of high performance and tunneling at low cost. One of these pr oducts alone - liner plates - of fers these outstanding advantages: • Economy of construction in time, excavation, material, manpower . • Maximum support per given length with minimum weight of steel. • Standar d variation of plate design for all shapes of tunnels in dry or wet gr ound. • Pr edictable str ength, f re r esistant. • Continuous support during the critical mining phase in soft gr ound tunneling. • Easy to stor e, handle and er ect, whether the tunnel is straight, curved, cir cular , elliptical or horseshoe in shape. • Gasket plates that seal joints, stop water leakage and r educe air loss when water is a pr oblem. Steel liner plates pr ovide a r elatively light-weight, easy-to-handle, safe support for soft gr ound tunneling because the gr ound that supplies the loading also supplies the r esistance to the load. The liner plate assembly simply distributes and transmits the load to the surr ounding earth. As a steel liner plate ring takes load vertically , it tends to deect inwar d at the top and outwar d at the sides. The gr ound r esists deection of the lining by developing a passive for ce equal in magnitude and opposite in dir ection to the for ce exerted by that of the lining. The diagram on the left illustrates this principle. The ability of the surr ounding gr ound to r esist the outwar d bulge of the liner plate ring is the key to vertical load support. With the ring confned to a small amount of deection, the thrust line induced by the load is for ced to follow the ring of liner plates. Thus, the ability of the assembly to withstand the applied load depends upon its ability to transmit ring thrust fr om plate to plate ar ound the ring. Obviously , this ability is enhanced by the four -fange design of DSI Under gr ound Systems Inc. plates. Ther e ar e various methods for determining the r equir ed str ength of tunnel linings. Nevertheles, the type of gr ound, the location and depth of cover , the size and length of the tunnel, level of gr ound water , superimposed loading, and history always guide these calculations. DSI Under gr ound Systems Inc. liner plates can be pur chased in 16" and 24" widths as corrugated or smooth plates. Liner plates ar e formed fr om one piece of metal to pr ovide longitudinal and cir cumfer ential anges. The plates can be galvanized and/or bituminously coated and gr out holes with plugs can be included. For special conditions gasketed liner plates and taper ed liner plates can also be manufactur ed. Liner plates can be installed alone or in conjunction with steel ribs if additional support is r equir ed. continued Corrugated and Smooth Liner Plates www .dsiundergr ound.com