10 Lis t o f Abbr e via tions AMR T A dvanced Mineral R ecovery T echnology BA U Business as Usual CO2 Carbon dio xide CO2eq Carbon dio xide equivalent COMEX New Y ork Mercantile Commodity Ex change CCU Carbon Capture and Utilisation CCUS Carbon Capture Utilisation and S torage CNMP Carbon Neutral Metal Production EAF Electric Arc Furnaces EU European Union EUR Euros EU ET S EU Emissions T rading S ystem E W aste Electronic million tonnes G Gibbs constant GHG Greenhouse Gases HKMEx Hong K ong Mercantile Ex change HP AL High pressure acid leaching IED Industrial Emissions Directive IPR Intellectual Property Rights ISF Imperial Smelting Furnace K g Kilogram K t Kilo tonnes LED Light Emitting Diode LIBS L aser Induced Break down Spectroscopy LME L ondon Metals Ex change MWh Megawatt hour P J P etajoule MOFs Metalorganic framework s PFC P erfuorocarbon PP A P owerPurchaseA greements R D R esearch and Development RE R enewable Energy RFBs R edo x fow batteries RLE R oasting L eaching Electrolysis SHFE Shanghai Futures Ex change SX EW Solvent Extraction and Electrowinning T T onne TB T T echnical Barriers to T rade TiB2 Titanium diboride TRBs Thermally regenerative batteries TRABs Thermally regenerative ammoniabased batteries TRL T echnology R eadiness level TWh T erawatt hour WEEE W aste from Electrical And Electronic Equipment WT O W orld T rade Organisation MET ALS IN A CLIMA TE NEUTRAL EUROPE A 2050 BL UEPRINT 89