Figure 7 EU Nonferrous metals trade K tonnes timeseries Source R esource T rade Earth 36 36 Includes products ores and concentrates waste and scrap refned unwrought ash and residues unwrought alloys master alloys other alloys dust powder nonmonetary Figure 6 EU NonFerrous Metal Ores Import R eliance 33 Source European Commission 2018 The EU also has an important negative trade balance when it comes to imports and e xports of metals Nonferrous metals imports into the EU heavily outweigh e xports and have steadily increased in the past nearly two decades from 9 9 Mt in 2000 to 125 Mt in 2017 But e xports also increased over the same period 38 Mt in 2000 to 62 Mt in 2017 34 Imports showed a relative decline immediately after the EU and international fnancial crisis with the biggest dip occurring in 2009 although they have once again assumed precrisis levels e x cept cop per nick el specialty metals Exports too dropped in 2009 and pick ed up immediately after until 2014 but have since stayed below the high reached in 2014 For some sectors however e xports remain below 2000 levels zinc and specialty metals EU nonferrous metals e xports principally go to China US S witzerland T urk ey and India 2016 fgures 35 33 Other includes the Platinum group of metals rare others and minor metals Magnesium Niobium Molybednum Antimony T antalum T ellurium and Titanium There is a meaningful import reliance for gold but it cannot be calculated because of the comple xity of trade fows of gold in diverse forms and uncertainties in reported trade data Zinc fgure for concentrates For R efned Zinc 10 with Norway 3 34 R esource T rade Earth 35 Ibidem 84 82 48 18 59 78 71 59 98 75 34 64 0 18 84 9 86 89 17 44 100 Tin Aluminium Copper Cobalt L ead Nick el Zinc Silver Platinum Chromium Gallium Germanium Indium Rhenium V anadium Hafnium Lithium Manganese Selenium T ungsten Other 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 2000 2009 2017 Exports Imports Exports Imports Specialty metals Precious metals Aluminium Copper Zinc Nick el L ead T otal Base Metals T otal ores L ead ores Nick el ores Zinc ores Copper ores Bauxite Alumina 1666 1470 459 356 552 87 113 195 126 441 312 190 250 212 32 263 76 231 587 364 1531 1552 1860 393 349 452 240 381 386 240 860 204 725 840 711 500 600 700 2400 1700 3200 2 763 2300 230 237 1 100 834 214 107 2386 2 793 3819 6085 6 157 9 902 10 036 12527 17 950 16244 21590 6 700 3200 5 700 5200 5900 8 700 11600 9 800 13900 3000 2300 1900 4 700 3500 2300 550 422 483 109 112 234 43 63 190 Exports Imports MET ALS IN A CLIMA TE NEUTRAL EUROPE A 2050 BL UEPRINT 25